In addition to salvinorin A, other psychoactives may also be applied sublingually. One drawback, however, is tooth discoloration and decay caused by long-term use of this method with acidic or otherwise caustic drugs and fillers. This method is also extensively used by people administering certain psychoactive drugs. However, many drugs are much more potent taken sublingually, and it is generally a safer alternative than administration via the nasal mucosa. Based on these properties, a suitably soluble drug may diffuse too slowly through the mucosa to be effective. However, a number of factors, such as pH, molecular weight, and lipid solubility, may determine whether the route is practical. Powders and aerosols may all take advantage of this method.

Effervescent buccal or sublingual tablets-this method drives the drug through the mucous membranes much faster (this is the case in the stomach with carbonated or effervescent liquids as well) and is used in the Fentora fentanyl buccal tablet.Īlmost any form of substance may be amenable to sublingual administration if it dissolves easily in saliva.

Lozenge-effects a metred and patient-controlled-rate combination of sublingual, buccal, and oral administration, as with the Actiq fentanyl.

Sublingual spray-spray for the tongue certain human and veterinary drugs are dispensed as such.Sublingual drops-a concentrated solution to be dropped under the tongue, as with some nicocodeine cough preparations,.Multi-purpose tablets-Soluble tablets for either oral or sublingual (or buccal) administration, often also suitable for preparation of injections, Hydrostat ( hydromorphone) and a number of brands of morphine tablets and cubes.Suboxone is an example of medication that comes in a sublingual strip. Sublingual strips-similar to tablets in that they easily melt in the mouth and dissolve rapidly.Nitroglycerine tablets are an example, the anti-emetic ondansetron is another. Sublingual tablets-tablets which easily melt in the mouth, dissolve rapidly and with little or no residue.Pharmaceutical preparations for sublingual administration are manufactured in the form of: Due to the digestive activity of the stomach and intestines, the oral route is unsuitable for certain substances, such as salvinorin A. Furthermore, after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, such drugs must pass to the liver, where they may be extensively altered this is known as the first pass effect of drug metabolism. Being more direct, it is often faster onset of action, and it ensures that the substance will risk degradation only by salivary enzymes before entering the bloodstream, whereas orally administered drugs must survive passage through the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which risks degrading them, by either stomach acid or bile, or by enzymes such as monoamine oxidase (MAO). Sublingual administration has certain advantages over oral administration. In contrast, substances absorbed in the intestines are subject to first-pass metabolism in the liver before entering the general circulation. Because the connective tissue beneath the epithelium contains a profusion of capillaries, the substance then diffuses into them and enters the venous circulation.

When a chemical comes in contact with the mucous membrane beneath the tongue, it is absorbed. Many drugs are absorbed through sublingual administration, including cardiovascular drugs, steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, THC, CBD, some proteins and increasingly, vitamins and minerals. Sublingual ( abbreviated SL), from the Latin for 'under the tongue', refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue. JSTOR ( July 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: 'Sublingual administration' – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.

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